Education policy, skilling and institutions on one page. For explanations, go back to the [chapter](/society/education-hrd/).

{{< callout type="tip" title="How to use this sheet" >}}
Scan it top to bottom in the week before Mains. **Bold** entries are the facts examiners return to most often. Every status line is dated; update it from the news before the exam.
{{< /callout >}}

## Constitution and Law

| Provision | Detail |
|-----------|--------|
| **Art 21A** | Free and compulsory education, **6–14**; **86th Amendment (2002)** |
| **Art 45** | Early childhood care and education **below 6** (after 2002) |
| Art 51A(k) | Parents' duty to educate children aged 6–14 |
| Art 46 | Educational interests of SCs, STs and weaker sections |
| Arts 29–30 | Minority language, culture and educational institutions |
| **Art 350A** | Mother-tongue instruction at the primary stage for linguistic minorities |
| **42nd Amendment (1976)** | Education moved to the **Concurrent List** (Entry 25) |
| Entry 66, Union List | Standards in higher education and research |
| **RTE Act** | 2009; in force **1 April 2010**; **25%** seats in private unaided schools; PTR 30:1 / 35:1; 2019 amendment allows detention in Classes 5 and 8 |
| Cases | *Society for Unaided Private Schools* (2012) upheld 25%; *Pramati* (2014) exempted minority schools |

## Policy Timeline

| Year | Event |
|------|-------|
| 1948–49 | University Education Commission (S. Radhakrishnan) |
| 1952–53 | Secondary Education Commission (A.L. Mudaliar) |
| 1964–66 | **Kothari Commission** |
| **1968** | First NPE; three-language formula; 6% of national income |
| **1986 / 1992** | NPE; Operation Blackboard; Navodaya; Programme of Action |
| 1985 | Ministry of Human Resource Development created |
| 2009 | Yash Pal Committee (single regulator idea); RTE Act |
| **29 July 2020** | **NEP 2020** (Kasturirangan Committee); MHRD renamed Ministry of Education |
| 5 July 2021 | NIPUN Bharat |
| 2022 / 2023 | NCF-FS / NCF-SE; PM SHRI (Sept 2022); ANRF Act (2023) |
| 2024-25 | NEP in Chhattisgarh's universities |
| 15 Dec 2025 | VBSA Bill introduced; sent to JPC |
| 2026 | CBSE Class 10 board exams twice a year; AISHE 2023-24 released (8 July 2026) |

## NEP 2020 Numbers

| Target | Value |
|--------|-------|
| Structure | **5+3+3+4** (ages 3–8, 8–11, 11–14, 14–18) |
| Foundational literacy and numeracy | By **Class 3** |
| Mother tongue as medium | At least till **Class 5**, preferably Class 8 |
| Universal ECCE and 100% school GER | **2030** |
| Higher-education GER | **50% by 2035** |
| End of affiliating system | **2035** |
| 4-year integrated B.Ed. as minimum | **2030** |
| Public spending | **6% of GDP** |
| Single regulator | HECI (NHERC, NAC, HEGC, GEC), excluding medical and legal |

## Skills and HRD

| Fact | Detail |
|------|--------|
| Human capital | Schultz, Becker |
| HDI | UNDP, 1990, Mahbub ul Haq; capability approach (Amartya Sen) |
| Apprentices Act | 1961 |
| **NSDC** | **2008**, PPP company (funder) |
| NSQF | 2013 |
| **MSDE** | **2014** |
| **Skill India Mission + PMKVY** | **15 July 2015** = World Youth Skills Day |
| **NCVET** | **2018**, regulator (NCVT + NSDA merged) |
| DDU-GKY | 2014, Rural Development, placement-linked, 15–35 |
| PM Vishwakarma | 17 Sept 2023, MSME, 18 trades |
| Skill India Programme | Feb 2025: PMKVY 4.0 + NAPS + JSS; ₹8,800 crore (2022-23 to 2025-26) |
| ITI upgradation | May 2025: ₹60,000 crore; 1,000 ITIs; 5 centres of excellence; World Bank + ADB |
| PM Internship Scheme | Pilot Oct 2024; ages 21–24; target 1 crore in 5 years; being revised (2026) |
| **CG Right of Youth to Skill Development Act** | **2013; first state; ages 14–45; 90 days; Collector-led district authority** |
| CG Livelihood Colleges | Project approved July 2013 |

## Regulators and Research Bodies

| Body | Year |
|------|------|
| **UGC** | Set up **1953**; Act **1956** |
| **AICTE** | 1945; Act **1987** |
| **NCTE** | 1973; Act **1993** |
| NCERT | 1961 |
| NAAC | 1994 (institutions) |
| NBA | Programmes; autonomous 2010 |
| NIRF | Rankings from 2016 |
| NTA | 2017 |
| ICMR / ICAR / CSIR / DRDO | 1911 (renamed 1949) / 1929 / 1942 / 1958 |
| ANRF | Act 2023; replaced SERB; RDI scheme ₹1 lakh crore (July 2025) |
| **VBSA Bill** | **Dec 2025; Viniyaman + Gunvatta + Manak Parishads; repeals UGC, AICTE, NCTE Acts; excludes medical and legal; pending with JPC (Aug 2026)** |

## International Institutions

| Body | Founded, HQ | Education / HRD role |
|------|-------------|----------------------|
| UNESCO | 1945, Paris | SDG 4; GEM Report; Delors Report 1996 (four pillars) |
| UNICEF | 1946, New York | Children, early childhood, schooling |
| ILO | 1919, Geneva | Skills, labour standards |
| World Bank | 1944 | STARS, SANKALP, STRIVE |
| ADB | 1966, Manila | ITI upgradation co-financing |
| Commonwealth of Learning | 1987, Vancouver | Open and distance learning |

## Chhattisgarh Institutions

| Institution | Year |
|-------------|------|
| **Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya, Khairagarh** | **1956** |
| **NIT Raipur** | **1956** (as a college); **NIT on 1 Dec 2005** |
| **Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur** | **1964** |
| **Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur** | **1983**; central university **2009** |
| Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur | 1987 |
| **HNLU, Nava Raipur** | **2003** |
| CSVTU, Bhilai | 2004 (Act) |
| Bastar (Shaheed Mahendra Karma) Vishwavidyalaya, Jagdalpur | 2008 |
| **IIM Raipur** | **2010** |
| Atal Bihari Vajpayee Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur | 2012 |
| **AIIMS Raipur** | **2012** (PMSSY) |
| Hemchand Yadav Vishwavidyalaya, Durg | 2015 |
| **IIT Bhilai** | **2016**; Kutelabhata campus |

## Don't Confuse

| This | vs | That |
|------|----|------|
| Art 21A — right, 6–14 | vs | Art 45 — directive, below 6 |
| NSDC — funds training | vs | NCVET — regulates qualifications |
| NAAC — accredits institutions | vs | NBA — accredits programmes; NIRF — ranks |
| HECI (NEP: 4 verticals incl. grants) | vs | VBSA (Bill: 3 councils, no grants council) |
| Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya — central | vs | Atal Bihari Vajpayee Vishwavidyalaya — state (both Bilaspur) |
| CG Right to Skill Act — 14–45 | vs | RTE Act — 6–14 |

{{< callout type="warning" title="Favourite traps" >}}
- The **VBSA Bill** was **not** law as of August 2026. Do not write "VBSA has replaced the UGC".
- UGC was **set up in 1953**; the **Act** is of 1956.
- **IKSV Khairagarh (1956)** is older than Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University (1964).
- **DDU-GKY** is a Rural Development scheme, not an MSDE scheme.
- **World Youth Skills Day** is **15 July**; National Youth Day is 12 January.
{{< /callout >}}

---
Source: https://cgpscnotes.in/society/education-hrd/quick-revision/

Society & Welfare Education and Human Resource Development

Education and Human Resource Development — Quick Revision

One-page CGPSC quick revision for Education and HRD: articles, policies, NEP 2020 status, skill schemes, regulators and Chhattisgarh institutions in tables.

5 min read Updated Oct 2026 #quick revision#cgpsc#education

Education policy, skilling and institutions on one page. For explanations, go back to the chapter.

How to use this sheet

Scan it top to bottom in the week before Mains. Bold entries are the facts examiners return to most often. Every status line is dated; update it from the news before the exam.

Constitution and Law

Provision	Detail
Art 21A	Free and compulsory education, 6–14; 86th Amendment (2002)
Art 45	Early childhood care and education below 6 (after 2002)
Art 51A(k)	Parents’ duty to educate children aged 6–14
Art 46	Educational interests of SCs, STs and weaker sections
Arts 29–30	Minority language, culture and educational institutions
Art 350A	Mother-tongue instruction at the primary stage for linguistic minorities
42nd Amendment (1976)	Education moved to the Concurrent List (Entry 25)
Entry 66, Union List	Standards in higher education and research
RTE Act	2009; in force 1 April 2010; 25% seats in private unaided schools; PTR 30:1 / 35:1; 2019 amendment allows detention in Classes 5 and 8
Cases	Society for Unaided Private Schools (2012) upheld 25%; Pramati (2014) exempted minority schools

Policy Timeline

Year	Event
1948–49	University Education Commission (S. Radhakrishnan)
1952–53	Secondary Education Commission (A.L. Mudaliar)
1964–66	Kothari Commission
1968	First NPE; three-language formula; 6% of national income
1986 / 1992	NPE; Operation Blackboard; Navodaya; Programme of Action
1985	Ministry of Human Resource Development created
2009	Yash Pal Committee (single regulator idea); RTE Act
29 July 2020	NEP 2020 (Kasturirangan Committee); MHRD renamed Ministry of Education
5 July 2021	NIPUN Bharat
2022 / 2023	NCF-FS / NCF-SE; PM SHRI (Sept 2022); ANRF Act (2023)
2024-25	NEP in Chhattisgarh’s universities
15 Dec 2025	VBSA Bill introduced; sent to JPC
2026	CBSE Class 10 board exams twice a year; AISHE 2023-24 released (8 July 2026)

NEP 2020 Numbers

Target	Value
Structure	5+3+3+4 (ages 3–8, 8–11, 11–14, 14–18)
Foundational literacy and numeracy	By Class 3
Mother tongue as medium	At least till Class 5, preferably Class 8
Universal ECCE and 100% school GER	2030
Higher-education GER	50% by 2035
End of affiliating system	2035
4-year integrated B.Ed. as minimum	2030
Public spending	6% of GDP
Single regulator	HECI (NHERC, NAC, HEGC, GEC), excluding medical and legal

Skills and HRD

Fact	Detail
Human capital	Schultz, Becker
HDI	UNDP, 1990, Mahbub ul Haq; capability approach (Amartya Sen)
Apprentices Act	1961
NSDC	2008, PPP company (funder)
NSQF	2013
MSDE	2014
Skill India Mission + PMKVY	15 July 2015 = World Youth Skills Day
NCVET	2018, regulator (NCVT + NSDA merged)
DDU-GKY	2014, Rural Development, placement-linked, 15–35
PM Vishwakarma	17 Sept 2023, MSME, 18 trades
Skill India Programme	Feb 2025: PMKVY 4.0 + NAPS + JSS; ₹8,800 crore (2022-23 to 2025-26)
ITI upgradation	May 2025: ₹60,000 crore; 1,000 ITIs; 5 centres of excellence; World Bank + ADB
PM Internship Scheme	Pilot Oct 2024; ages 21–24; target 1 crore in 5 years; being revised (2026)
CG Right of Youth to Skill Development Act	2013; first state; ages 14–45; 90 days; Collector-led district authority
CG Livelihood Colleges	Project approved July 2013

Regulators and Research Bodies

Body	Year
UGC	Set up 1953; Act 1956
AICTE	1945; Act 1987
NCTE	1973; Act 1993
NCERT	1961
NAAC	1994 (institutions)
NBA	Programmes; autonomous 2010
NIRF	Rankings from 2016
NTA	2017
ICMR / ICAR / CSIR / DRDO	1911 (renamed 1949) / 1929 / 1942 / 1958
ANRF	Act 2023; replaced SERB; RDI scheme ₹1 lakh crore (July 2025)
VBSA Bill	Dec 2025; Viniyaman + Gunvatta + Manak Parishads; repeals UGC, AICTE, NCTE Acts; excludes medical and legal; pending with JPC (Aug 2026)

International Institutions

Body	Founded, HQ	Education / HRD role
UNESCO	1945, Paris	SDG 4; GEM Report; Delors Report 1996 (four pillars)
UNICEF	1946, New York	Children, early childhood, schooling
ILO	1919, Geneva	Skills, labour standards
World Bank	1944	STARS, SANKALP, STRIVE
ADB	1966, Manila	ITI upgradation co-financing
Commonwealth of Learning	1987, Vancouver	Open and distance learning

Chhattisgarh Institutions

Institution	Year
Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya, Khairagarh	1956
NIT Raipur	1956 (as a college); NIT on 1 Dec 2005
Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur	1964
Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur	1983; central university 2009
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur	1987
HNLU, Nava Raipur	2003
CSVTU, Bhilai	2004 (Act)
Bastar (Shaheed Mahendra Karma) Vishwavidyalaya, Jagdalpur	2008
IIM Raipur	2010
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur	2012
AIIMS Raipur	2012 (PMSSY)
Hemchand Yadav Vishwavidyalaya, Durg	2015
IIT Bhilai	2016; Kutelabhata campus

Don’t Confuse

This	vs	That
Art 21A — right, 6–14	vs	Art 45 — directive, below 6
NSDC — funds training	vs	NCVET — regulates qualifications
NAAC — accredits institutions	vs	NBA — accredits programmes; NIRF — ranks
HECI (NEP: 4 verticals incl. grants)	vs	VBSA (Bill: 3 councils, no grants council)
Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya — central	vs	Atal Bihari Vajpayee Vishwavidyalaya — state (both Bilaspur)
CG Right to Skill Act — 14–45	vs	RTE Act — 6–14

Favourite traps

The VBSA Bill was not law as of August 2026. Do not write “VBSA has replaced the UGC”.
UGC was set up in 1953; the Act is of 1956.
IKSV Khairagarh (1956) is older than Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University (1964).
DDU-GKY is a Rural Development scheme, not an MSDE scheme.
World Youth Skills Day is 15 July; National Youth Day is 12 January.

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